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The Johnston-Felton-Hay House in Macon was declared a
National Historic Landmark in 1974.
Johnston-Felton-Hay House, often abbreviated
Hay House, is a historic residence in Macon, Georgia. Built between 1855 and 1859 by William Butler Johnston and his wife Anne Tracy Johnston in the Italian Renaissance Revival
style, the house has been called the "Palace of the South." The mansion
sits atop Coleman Hill on Georgia Avenue in downtown Macon, near the Walter F. George School of Law, part of Mercer University.
The 18,000-square-foot (1,700 m
2), 24-room home designed by the New York architect T. Thomas and Son
has four levels and is crowned by a three-story cupola. Commissioned by
imaginative owners and constructed by the most skillful workers of the
time, its technological amenities were unsurpassed in the mid-nineteenth
century: hot and cold running water, central heat, a speaker-tube
system connecting 15 rooms, a French lift equivalent to today's
elevator, in-house kitchen, and an elaborate ventilation system.
House history
Two families lived in Hay House, the first over four generations.
Most of the home's present-day furnishings date from the Hay family's
occupancy (1926-1962). A few pieces are from the Johnston family
(1860-1896), most notably the Eastlake-style dining room suite. The most
notable piece in the collection may be the 1857 marble statue, "Ruth
Gleaning," by American expatriate sculptor Randolph Rogers.
The home was a place of comfort for the Johnston family and their
daughters until the late 1800's. In 1896 after the death of Mrs.
Johnston, their daughter Mary Ellen Felton and her husband lived in the
home. The Feltons updated the plumbing and electricity and stayed in the
home until the time of their deaths in 1926.
The Johnstons
The Hay House living room
William Butler Johnston obtained his substantial wealth through
investments in banking, railroads and public utilities rather than from
the agrarian cotton economy. In 1851, he married Anne Clark Tracy, 20
years his junior, and the couple embarked on an extended honeymoon in
Europe from 1852 to 1855. During their trip, the Johnstons visited
hundreds of museums, historic sites and art studios. They collected fine
porcelains, sculptures and paintings as mementos during their grand
tour. Inspired by the Italian architecture they observed, the Johnstons
constructed the monumental Italian Renaissance Revival mansion in Macon upon their return to America.
Only two of the Johnstons' six children survived to adulthood. Caroline
and Mary Ellen Johnston were born in 1862 and 1864, respectively, and
grew up in the house on Georgia Avenue.
The Feltons
After the death of Mrs. Johnston in 1896, daughter Mary Ellen and her
husband, Judge William H. Felton, lived in the house. They remodeled
and redecorated parts of the house, updated the plumbing and added
electricity.
Their only child, William Hamilton Felton, Jr., was born in 1889. He
married Luisa Macgill Gibson in 1915, and the newlywed couple soon moved
in with the Feltons. They and their two sons, William Hamilton Felton
III and George Gibson Felton, lived in the house until 1926.
The Hays
After the deaths of William Sr. and Mary Ellen Felton, the house was
sold to Parks Lee Hay and his wife, Maude. After purchasing, the Hays
redecorated the entire home, updating it to fit the new
twentieth-century décor. The home was seen as a local landmark to all in
middle Georgia. Mr. Hay died in 1957; when Mrs. Hay died in 1962, the
home was turned into a house museum. In 1977, the Georgia Trust for
Historic Preservation took over ownership of the home and it is now a
National Historic Landmark.
Present day
Following Mrs. Hay's death, her heirs established the P.L. Hay
Foundation and operated the house as a private house museum. By virtue
of its national significance, Hay House was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974. In 1977, the ownership and operation of the house was formally transferred to The Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation to ensure its long-term preservation.
In 2000, the White House Millennium Council designated Hay House an Official Project of Save America's Treasures in 2000.
Today, Hay House is one of Macon's most popular tourist attractions with 20,000 visitors each year.
The House is also a prominent rental venue for special events.
Hay House Campaign
Recently, the Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation
which oversees the management and maintenance of Hay House embarked on a
successful $7.6 million capital campaign for the restoration and
maintenance of the building. Of the money raised in the capital
campaign, $3.5 million was earmarked to establish an endowment for
ongoing maintenance. A need of $17.5 million has been identified to fund
a complete restoration of the Hay House and permanently endow all
future maintenance and management.
The Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation received a number of donations and grants including a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, a grant from the National Endowment of the Arts, and an Architectural Conservation grant from The Getty Foundation.
Restoration
Today, Hay House is open to visitors. Tours are held daily. Some of
the plants in the landscaping of the home date back to the 19th century.
Renovations continue to occur to keep Hay House up to date. Upcoming
projects include a redesign of the gift shop, including new insulation,
and writing specifications for mortar repairs outside of the building.
Half of the money raised in the capital campaign was allocated for
restoration of the exterior, cupola, and most public rooms of the house.
Other restoration efforts include repairing the porch and stairs,
masonry, and window and door shutter; conserving the stained glass;
installing UV protection on windows; restoring the ground floor, attic,
and cupola; lighting the 8,000-gallon water tank interior to illustrate
the technological innovations of the house; conserving the collections
of paintings and porcelain; and repairing the exterior grounds. Original
furnishings and decorations in the downstairs rooms are also being
researched in order to accurately restore the wall coverings, paint
finishes, and furniture upholstery to their appearance during the Hay
family's residency in the house.
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