Music
is a splendid thing. It can cheer you up when you're sad, make you
dance like a fool, and allow you to drown out the world when you need
to. But music has its scientific uses, too. The documentary
Alive Inside
details how dementia patients react positively when given iPods filled
with their old favorite songs. The music seems to help them
"come alive" again.
While listening to familiar songs, many of the documentary's patients
can sing along, answer questions about their past, and even carry on
brief conversations with others.
"Music imprints itself on the
brain deeper than any other human experience," says neurologist Oliver
Sacks, who appears in the film. "Music evokes emotion, and emotion can
bring with it memory."
The documentary follows recent studies
showing that music can improve the memories of dementia patients, and
even help them develop new memories.
Here, a look at some other things music has been known to "cure":
1. Low Birth Weight
Babies
born too early often require extended stays in the hospital to help
them gain weight and strength. To help facilitate this process, many
hospitals turn to music. A team of Canadian researchers found that
playing music to preemies reduced their pain levels and encouraged
better feeding habits, which in turn helped with
weight-gain. Hospitals use musical instruments to mimic the sounds of a mother's heartbeat and womb to lull premature babies
to sleep.
Researchers also say that playing calming Mozart to premature infants
significantly reduces the amount of energy they expend, which allows
them gain weight.
It "makes you wonder whether neonatal intensive
care units should consider music exposure as standard practice for
at-risk infants," says Dr. Nestor Lopez-Duran at
child-psych.org.
2. Droopy Plants
If music helps babies grow, can it do the same thing for plants? Dorothy Retallack says yes. She wrote a book in 1973 called
The Sound of Music and Plants, which detailed the
effects of music
on plant growth. Retallack played rock music to one group of plants and
easy listening music to another, identical group. At the end of the
study, the 'easy listening' plants were uniform in size, full and green,
and were even leaning toward the source of the music. The rock music
plants had grown tall, but they were droopy, with faded leaves, and were
leaning away from the radio.
3. The Damaging Effects of Brain Damage
Of
the 1.5 million Americans who sustain brain damage each year, roughly
90,000 of them will be left with a long-term movement or speech
disability. As treatment, researchers
use music to stimulate the areas of the brain that control these two functions.
When given a rhythm to walk or dance to, people with neurological damage caused by stroke or Parkinson's disease can "regain a
symmetrical stride and a sense of balance." The beats in music help serve as a footstep cue for the brain.
Similarly,
rhythm and pitch can help patients sing what words they can't say. A
study of autistic children who couldn't speak found that music therapy
helped these children articulate words. Some of these kids said their
first words ever as a result of the treatment.
"We are just
starting to understand how powerful music can be. We don't know what the
limits are." says Michael De Georgia, director of the Center for Music
and Medicine at Case Western Reserve University's University Hospitals
Case Medical Center in Cleveland.
4. Teen Loitering
Public
libraries, malls, and train stations already know this: Teenagers
typically don't like classical music. In fact, they dislike it so much
that "it sends them
scurrying away like frightened mice," says the
LA Times.
The theory is that when the brain hears something it dislikes, it
suppresses dopamine, "the pleasure chemical." And as teenagers' moods
fall, they go elsewhere to find something to bring it back up.
So if you want the neighbor kids to get off your lawn, turn up the Tchaikovsky.
5. Hearing Loss
OK,
maybe music can't cure hearing loss, but it may help prevent it. A
study of 163 adults, 74 of them lifelong musicians, had participants
take a series of hearing tests. The lifelong musicians
processed sound better
than non-musicians, with the gap widening with age. "A 70-year-old
musician understood speech in a noisy environment as well as a
50-year-old non-musician," explains Linda Searling at the
Washington Post.
6. A Broken Heart
Not the kind caused by rejection, but the kind caused by
a heart attack.
Music can help patients who are recovering from heart attacks and heart
surgery by lowering blood pressure, slowing the heart rate and reducing
anxiety. As a preventative, try listening to
"joyful" music,
or songs that make you feel good. Research says listening to songs that
evoke a sense of joy causes increased circulation and expanded blood
vessels, which encourages good vascular health.
7. Poor Sport Performance
In 2005, a
UK study
found that listening to music during sports training can boost athletic
performance by up to 20 percent. That's roughly equal to the boost some
athletes get from illegal performance-enhancing drugs, except music
doesn't show up on a drug test. For best results, try music with a fast
tempo during intense training and slower songs during cooldown.
8. Grumpy Teens
In a 2008 study, researcher Tobias Greitemeyer wanted to study how lyrics
impacted teenagers' attitudes
and behavior. To do so, he exposed one group of teens to "socially
conscious" songs with a positive message, like Michael Jackson's "Heal
the World." Another other group listened to songs with a "neutral"
message. The researchers then "accidentally" knocked over a cup of
pencils. The group listening to positive songs not only rushed to help
more quickly, but picked up five times as many pencils as the other
group.
9. Illiteracy
A
2009 study
comparing two groups of second graders from similar demographics
suggests learning music boosts reading abilities. The only major
difference between the two groups was that one learned music notation,
sight-reading and other skills, while the control group did not. Each
group was tested for literacy before and after the school year. The
end-of-year scores for the control group improved only slightly from
their beginning of the year scores, while the kids with a music
education scored
"significantly higher," especially on vocabulary tests.
10. Sluggish Alcohol Sales
Are
you a wine store owner suffering from an overstock of German vino? Try
pumping some German tunes through your store. A 1999 study showed that
doing so boosted German wine sales, and similarly, playing French music
boosted French wine sales. Customers said they were completely oblivious
to what music was being played.
11. Wine Snobbery
Ever
purchased a bottle of wine with recommended listening printed on the
bottle? Well, makers of cheap wine may want to consider that tactic. A
group of researchers say certain types of music can "enhance" the way
wine tastes by
up to 60 percent.
In a study, wine-drinkers rated white wine as 40 percent more
refreshing when it was accompanied by "zingy and refreshing" music
("Just Can't Get Enough" by Nouvelle Vague was their go-to zingy song).
The taste of red wine was altered 60 percent by "powerful and heavy
music" like Orff's "Carmina Burana."
"The tongue is easy to dupe." says Jonah Lehrer
at Wired.
Source: mentalfloss /